Saturday, April 10, 2010

Make them accept it تُجبرهم إلى القبول


A friend of a friend has an expression that is eternally useful: “Make them accept it.”

Apparently, this individual applies his phrase indiscriminately, toward animate and inanimate objects alike. “You will accept this plug!” he cries to a stubborn outlet that hesitates to accept a laptop charger. Since picking up the phrase, I have found its usefulness to be without limits.

The most recent application of this forceful phrase came, in fact, from an interviewee. After a long discussion on the status of the environment in Oman and university, bureaucratic, and political obstacles to reform, this gentleman stated that, ultimately, if someone in power tells a farmer that he can only pump a certain amount of water from his well, he will just have to accept that regulation. They will make him accept it.

Tell people to do something and they will do it. Who would have thought that we would be asking for more authoritarian decision making and implementation in one of the world’s last remaining Sultanates? The truth is, we’ve seen evidence of strong, swift decisions on socially controversial issues in the past. My interviewee pointed out two examples, and the Omani(s) out there currently (hopefully) reading this post, please correct this if it is wrong.

Mourning traditions were a serious issue in Oman until the Sultan's intervention. Individuals were taking the customary one month off work to mourn the death of a close relative. The economic toll of this tradition is obvious, but a hidden issue of concern was the personal economic burden placed on those mourning. It was their duty to spend up to 5,000 OR (over $13,000) stocking the house with refreshments and food to extend to visitors for the duration of the mourning period. Then the Sultan said: there will be three days of mourning, and you will only provide dates, coffee, and water. Of course, at first there was some resistance from the older generation, but soon everyone changed.

Similarly, bride prices were getting out of control as Muscat and the rest of Oman developed. Then, one day, HM said that bride prices must be between 2 and 3,000 riyals, 80% lower than what they were. Of course, some people skirt this by offering jewelry and other goods in place. But these issues prove that anything can change.

Stakeholder dialogues are an ideal tool for understanding the needs of local populations when devising a development project. What is interesting in Oman, however, is that both extremes in the spectrum of scenarios are missing. We witness neither the fostering of discussion and interaction amongst farmers, professors, and officials, nor authoritarian water decisions made with finality and implemented justly on all. Instead, inertia is perpetuating our current scenario, one in which all parts of the decision making equation push forward their claims as to why strict regulation of water wouldn’t work. Their perceptions of resistance are usually unfounded. Instead, if all parties would agree on the bottom line, that water use rationalization is necessary for sustainable development, then the excuses would evaporate, and that one leader (HM or otherwise) could step forward and, you guessed it, make them—Omanis and residents—accept it.

photo: Apparently 'Accept' is a heavy metal band. Thanks Google images. I think we need the rockers to "make people accept" water regulations in Oman if no one else is willing to step forward.

صديق صديقتي, لديه عبارة وهي مفيدة جدا: "تُجبرهم إلى القبول."

ويبدو أنه يستخدم هذه العبارة بدون تمييز, إلى الناس وإلى الاشياء. "سوف تقبل هذا القابس!" يصيح إلى مقبس عنيد, يتردد أن يقبل قابس الكمبيوتر المحمول. ومنذ الوقت الذي سمعتُ العبارة فيه, لقد وجدتُ أن فائدة العبارة بدون حد.

لكن, في الحقيقة, التطبيق الاخير لهذه العبارة القوية كان من جانب شخص شرك في بحثي. بعد مناقشة طويلة عن حالة البيئة في عُمان, والعوائق من الجامعة والبيروقراطية والحكومة في طريقة الإصلاح, قال هذا الرجل إن, في النهاية, إذا قرر قائد أن المزارع يستطيع أن يضخ كمية معينة من المياه من بئره فقط, من اللازم ان المزارع يقبل القانون. ستُجبره إلى القبول.

إذا قلتَ لشخص أن يفعل شيء, سوف يفعل ذلك. ومن كان يظن أن سنطلب أكثر من صناعة القرار الاستبدادي وتطبيقه في واحد من السلطنات الاخيرة في العالم؟ في الحقيقة, رأينا دليل من القرارات السريعة والقوية بشان القضايا الاجتماعية ومثيرة للجدل هنا. واشار الرجل الذي تكلمتُ معه, إلى مثلين, وأطلب من العمانيين في القارئية (في؟) أن تصحّحون هذه المعلومات إذا وجدت مشاكل.

عادات فترة الحداد كانت قضية جدّية في عُمان حتى تدخل السلطان في الموضوع. كان من العادي أن قريب الشخص المرحوم بقى في البيت لشهر واحد بعد الموت. وبالرغم من أن العبء الاقتصادي من هذا التقليد واضح, توجد مسألة مخفية وهي أن الأهل سيُنفق حتى 5,000 ريال لتوفير المشروبات والطعام إلى زوار البيت خلال فترة الحداد. لكن, قال السلطان: ستكون ثلاثة أيام للحداد, وبتقديم التمر والقهوة والمياه فقط. طبعا, في البداية, وجدت مقاومة من جانب الجيل السابق, لكن بمرور الوقت, غيرت العادة.

على نحو مماثل, ارتفعت اسعار العرائس بشكل كبير كما تطورت مسقط وعمان عموما. بعدين, يوما ما, قال الجلالة إن اسعار العرائس لازم ان تكون بين 2 و3,000 ريال, 80 في المئة أقل من الاسعار السابقة. طبعا, بعض الناس يتحايلون على القانون بتوفير المجوهرات والبضائع الاخرى بدلا من الفلوس. لكن تُثبت هذه القضايا أن أي شيء يمكن أن نغيره.

الحوارات بين الشركاء آلية مثالية لفهم احتياجات سكان منطقة عندما تريد أن تخطط مشروع. لكن, من المثير للاهتمام في عمان أننا نفتقد القطبين: لا نشاهد تعزيز النقاش والتفاعل بين المزارعين والاساتذة والمسؤولين, ولا نشاهد قرارات استبدادية ونهائية في ما متعلقة بالمياه, وتنفيذها على الجميع بالعدالة. بدلا من ذلك, يستمر الجمود والكسل السيناريو الحالي, وفيه كل اجزاء من عملية صناعة القرار تدفع تبريرها للفشل الحتمي لاي تنظيم شديد متعلق باستخدام المياه. وتصوراتها عن قوة المقاومة ضد التغيير إلى الوضع الراهن, معظم الوقت, لا اساس لها من الصحة. إذا وافقَت هذه الاحزاب على المبدأ الرئيسي, أن ترشيد استخدام المياه لازم للتنمية المستدامة, فستتبخر التبريرات, وقائد واحد (الجلالة أو شخص اخر) يمكن أنه "يُجبر العمانيين والسكان إلى القبول."

11 comments:

  1. Another great post. Well, fyi regarding marriage and money. It is not uncommon for families to tell people that they received many thousands more for their gal than in reality. A well kept 'secret' here.

    As one Bedoin put it, we rather have our daughter marry someone who we know is decent and will be a good husband to her than someone who is bad and has a lot of money. Of course, it still 'stays' within the tribe, ...but they are more choosey than one may think.

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  2. thanks for reading and commenting, i always wonder if my anecdotes are representative of oman, or simply the opinion of those i happen to meet.

    very very interesting about maintaining the appearance that your daughter/sister/cousin was worth so much money. of course, honor and status have always been the primary factors driving marriages, but i have been surprised to hear more and more stories about money and ethnicity influencing decisions today. marriage decisions seem to be quite complicated in Oman, because families are so large and from what i have heard, most all male relatives close to a soon-to-be-bride have some influence during the decision making process.

    the landscape of such social issues is of course constantly changing in a country that becomes more urban and attached to the world every day.

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  3. Speaking of 'becoming more urban', there is this (admittedly light on details) article from Gulf News: http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/expert-to-probe-rapid-urbanisation-in-muscat-1.611288

    Perhaps you could interview the lady carrying out the study?

    -Omani in US

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  4. M.E. Nomad. True. One who comes to 'study' will be presented with a set of 'facts' as in 'this is the official line'. One who lives and is imbeded within the culture, the Bedouin (not just the surface Muscati Omanis) will have different information.

    Something to consider.

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  5. Most definitely, research by an outsider can only be so deep.

    Yet one thing I have certainly learned this year is the difference even between studying groundwater regulations & policy from my library in Boston, Mass., USA, to studying the topic in Oman. What seemed like conferences and laws on paper are not what they seem when you're "on-the-ground" studying an issue.

    So luckily, although I may never know the perspective of all actors in Oman on this issue, I have at least come much closer to a complete understanding than I would have holed up in my apartment in the US!

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  6. @Omani in the US: Extremely interesting article, urbanization MUST be studied further in Oman (look at the mess of traffic circles & patterns for one!). I will definitely look up Dr. Nebel. Shukrannn.

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  7. I actually disagree with Anonymous; I reckon an outsider would do a better job. They do not have permanent ties to the country and would have less fear asking the questions that cause friction. Due to the close-knit nature of society, a local would have to think a million times over just in case said friction would come back to one of the people he/she knows.

    -Omani in US

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  8. عفوا and I hope that you can catch up with Dr. Nebel and find out more about the study before your tenure comes to an end.

    -Omani in US

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  9. Unfortunately, Dr. Nebel and I are just missing each other! She's out of the country for a few weeks, but I'm hoping to at least get some information, electronically, on her research.

    Also, an outsider DOES have the plus side of asking more penetrating questions. Many people have mentioned this to me and have said that they wish they could "publish" the things I put on this blog, and even question the people I've been able to question. Good point.

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  10. April 16th..... my dear I have no fear ....
    no locals don't think it ..a thousand times over..that is a Western ideal. And part of visitors not understanding what is truth to what is fiction.

    You could have googled your research. But ...that is me being a cynic. Or truthful. Guess it depends how you 'see it'.

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  11. i m not sure that i can say some thins about that.
    Online Shopping

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